(?)　(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)工(Gong)艺(Yi)及(Ji)所(Suo)需(Xu)设(She)备(Bei)有(You)哪(Na)些(Xie)？(?)

　(?)　(?)在(Zai)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)制(Zhi)造(Zao)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)，(?)广(Guang)泛(Fan)地(Di)选(Xuan)用(Yong)锻(Duan)造(Zao)的(De)加(Jia)工(Gong)方(Fang)式(Shi)。(?)锻(Duan)造(Zao)分(Fen)为(Wei)自(Zi)由(You)锻(Duan)造(Zao)和(He)实(Shi)体(Ti)模(Mo)型(Xing)锻(Duan)造(Zao)。(?)自(Zi)由(You)锻(Duan)造(Zao)是(Shi)将(Jiang)金(Jin)属(Shu)坯(Pi)料(Liao)放(Fang)到(Dao)铁(Tie)砧(Zhen)上(Shang)承(Cheng)受(Shou)冲(Chong)击(Ji)或(Huo)压(Ya)力(Li)而(?)成(Cheng)形(Xing)的(De)加(Jia)工(Gong)方(Fang)式(Shi)(坊(Fang)间(Jian)称(Cheng)“(?)打(Da)铁(Tie)”(?))。(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)的(De)齿(Chi)轮(Lun)和(He)轴(Zhou)等(Deng)的(De)毛(Mao)坯(Pi)就(Jiu)是(Shi)用(Yong)自(Zi)由(You)锻(Duan)造(Zao)的(De)方(Fang)式(Shi)加(Jia)工(Gong)。(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)实(Shi)体(Ti)模(Mo)型(Xing)锻(Duan)造(Zao)是(Shi)将(Jiang)金(Jin)属(Shu)坯(Pi)料(Liao)放(Fang)到(Dao)锻(Duan)模(Mo)的(De)模(Mo)膛(Tang)内(Nei)，(?)承(Cheng)受(Shou)冲(Chong)击(Ji)或(Huo)压(Ya)力(Li)而(?)成(Cheng)形(Xing)的(De)加(Jia)工(Gong)方(Fang)式(Shi)。(?)实(Shi)体(Ti)模(Mo)型(Xing)锻(Duan)造(Zao)有(You)点(Dian)像(Xiang)面(Mian)团(Tuan)在(Zai)模(Mo)子(Zi)内(Nei)被(Bei)压(Ya)成(Cheng)饼(Bing)干(Gan)形(Xing)状(Zhuang)的(De)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。(?)与(Yu)自(Zi)由(You)锻(Duan)相(Xiang)比(Bi)，(?)模(Mo)锻(Duan)所(Suo)制(Zhi)造(Zao)的(De)钢(Gang)件(Jian)形(Xing)状(Zhuang)更(Geng)复(Fu)杂(Za)，(?)外(Wai)形(Xing)尺(Chi)寸(Cun)更(Geng)精(Jing)确(Que)。(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)模(Mo)锻(Duan)件(Jian)的(De)典(Dian)型(Xing)例(Li)子(Zi)是(Shi)：(?)发(Fa)动(Dong)机(Ji)连(Lian)杆(Gan)和(He)曲(Qu)轴(Zhou)、(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)前(Qian)轴(Zhou)、(?)转(Zhuan)向(Xiang)节(Jie)等(Deng)。(?)

　(?)　(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)选(Xuan)用(Yong)冷(Leng)冲(Chong)压(Ya)加(Jia)工(Gong)的(De)零(Ling)件(Jian)有(You)：(?)发(Fa)动(Dong)机(Ji)油(You)底(Di)壳(Ke)，(?)制(Zhi)动(Dong)系(Xi)统(Tong)底(Di)板(Ban)，(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)车(Che)架(Jia)以(Yi)及(Ji)大(Da)多(Duo)数(Shu)车(Che)身(Shen)零(Ling)件(Jian)。(?)这(Zhe)些(Xie)零(Ling)件(Jian)一(Yi)般(Ban)都(Du)历(Li)经(Jing)落(Luo)料(Liao)、(?)冲(Chong)孔(Kong)、(?)拉(La)深(Shen)、(?)弯(Wan)曲(Qu)、(?)翻(Fan)边(Bian)、(?)修(Xiu)整(Zheng)等(Deng)工(Gong)序(Xu)而(?)成(Cheng)形(Xing)。(?)为(Wei)了(Liao)制(Zhi)造(Zao)冷(Leng)冲(Chong)压(Ya)零(Ling)件(Jian)，(?)需(Xu)要(Yao)制(Zhi)备(Bei)冲(Chong)模(Mo)。(?)冲(Chong)模(Mo)一(Yi)般(Ban)分(Fen)为(Wei)2块(Kuai)，(?)其(Qi)中(Zhong)一(Yi)块(Kuai)安(An)装(Zhuang)在(Zai)压(Ya)床(Chuang)上(Shang)方(Fang)并(Bing)可(Ke)上(Shang)下(Xia)滑(Hua)动(Dong)，(?)另(Ling)一(Yi)块(Kuai)安(An)装(Zhuang)在(Zai)压(Ya)床(Chuang)下(Xia)方(Fang)并(Bing)固(Gu)定(Ding)不(Bu)动(Dong)。(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)生(Sheng)产(Chan)加(Jia)工(Gong)时(Shi)，(?)坯(Pi)料(Liao)放(Fang)到(Dao)2块(Kuai)冲(Chong)模(Mo)之(Zhi)间(Jian)，(?)当(Dang)上(Shang)下(Xia)模(Mo)合(He)拢(Long)时(Shi)，(?)冲(Chong)压(Ya)工(Gong)序(Xu)就(Jiu)完(Wan)成(Cheng)了(Liao)。(?)冲(Chong)压(Ya)加(Jia)工(Gong)的(De)生(Sheng)产(Chan)率(Lu)很(Hen)高(Gao)，(?)并(Bing)可(Ke)制(Zhi)造(Zao)形(Xing)状(Zhuang)复(Fu)杂(Za)而(?)且(Qie)精(Jing)度(Du)较(Jiao)高(Gao)的(De)零(Ling)件(Jian)。(?)

　(?)　(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)金(Jin)属(Shu)车(Che)削(Xiao)加(Jia)工(Gong)是(Shi)用(Yong)刀(Dao)具(Ju)将(Jiang)金(Jin)属(Shu)毛(Mao)坯(Pi)逐(Zhu)层(Ceng)车(Che)削(Xiao);使(Shi)钢(Gang)件(Jian)得(De)到(Dao)所(Suo)需(Xu)要(Yao)的(De)形(Xing)状(Zhuang)、(?)外(Wai)形(Xing)尺(Chi)寸(Cun)和(He)表(Biao)面(Mian)粗(Cu)糙(Cao)度(Du)的(De)加(Jia)工(Gong)方(Fang)式(Shi)。(?)金(Jin)属(Shu)车(Che)削(Xiao)加(Jia)工(Gong)包(Bao)含(Han)钳(Qian)工(Gong)和(He)机(Ji)械(Xie)加(Jia)工(Gong)两(Liang)种(Zhong)方(Fang)式(Shi)-，(?)钳(Qian)工(Gong)是(Shi)工(Gong)人(Ren)用(Yong)手(Shou)工(Gong)工(Gong)具(Ju)进(Jin)行(Xing)车(Che)削(Xiao)的(De)加(Jia)工(Gong)方(Fang)式(Shi)，(?)操(Cao)作(Zuo)灵(Ling)活(Huo)方(Fang)便(Bian)，(?)在(Zai)装(Zhuang)配(Pei)和(He)修(Xiu)理(Li)中(Zhong)广(Guang)泛(Fan)应(Ying)用(Yong)。(?)机(Ji)械(Xie)加(Jia)工(Gong)是(Shi)借(Jie)助(Zhu)于(Yu)机(Ji)床(Chuang)来(Lai)完(Wan)成(Cheng)车(Che)削(Xiao)的(De)，(?)包(Bao)含(Han)：(?)车(Che)、(?)刨(Pao)、(?)铣(Xi)、(?)钻(Zuan)和(He)磨(Mo)等(Deng)方(Fang)式(Shi)。(?)

　(?)　(?)1：(?)车(Che)削(Xiao)：(?)车(Che)削(Xiao)是(Shi)在(Zai)车(Che)床(Chuang)上(Shang)用(Yong)车(Che)刀(Dao)加(Jia)工(Gong)钢(Gang)件(Jian)的(De)工(Gong)艺(Yi)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。(?)车(Che)床(Chuang)适(Shi)合(He)车(Che)削(Xiao)各(Ge)种(Zhong)各(Ge)样(Yang)旋(Xuan)转(Zhuan)表(Biao)面(Mian)，(?)如(Ru)内(Nei)、(?)外(Wai)圆(Yuan)柱(Zhu)或(Huo)圆(Yuan)锥(Zhui)面(Mian)，(?)还(Huan)可(Ke)以(Yi)车(Che)削(Xiao)端(Duan)面(Mian)。(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)许(Xu)多(Duo)轴(Zhou)类(Lei)零(Ling)件(Jian)以(Yi)及(Ji)齿(Chi)轮(Lun)毛(Mao)坯(Pi)都(Du)是(Shi)在(Zai)车(Che)床(Chuang)上(Shang)加(Jia)工(Gong)的(De)。(?)

　(?)　(?)2：(?)刨(Pao)削(Xiao)：(?)刨(Pao)削(Xiao)是(Shi)在(Zai)刨(Pao)床(Chuang)用(Yong)刨(Pao)刀(Dao)加(Jia)工(Gong)钢(Gang)件(Jian)的(De)工(Gong)艺(Yi)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。(?)刨(Pao)床(Chuang)适(Shi)合(He)加(Jia)工(Gong)水(Shui)平(Ping)面(Mian)、(?)垂(Chui)直(Zhi)面(Mian)、(?)斜(Xie)面(Mian)和(He)沟(Gou)槽(Cao)等(Deng)。(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)上(Shang)的(De)气(Qi)缸(Gang)体(Ti)和(He)气(Qi)缸(Gang)盖(Gai)韵(Yun)乎(Hu)面(Mian)、(?)变(Bian)速(Su)器(Qi)箱(Xiang)体(Ti)和(He)盖(Gai)的(De)配(Pei)合(He)平(Ping)面(Mian)等(Deng)都(Du)是(Shi)用(Yong)刨(Pao)床(Chuang)加(Jia)工(Gong)的(De)。(?)

　(?)　(?)3：(?)铣(Xi)削(Xiao)：(?)铣(Xi)削(Xiao)是(Shi)在(Zai)铣(Xi)床(Chuang)上(Shang)用(Yong)铣(Xi)刀(Dao)加(Jia)工(Gong)钢(Gang)件(Jian)的(De)工(Gong)艺(Yi)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。(?)铣(Xi)床(Chuang)可(Ke)以(Yi)加(Jia)工(Gong)斜(Xie)面(Mian)、(?)沟(Gou)槽(Cao)，(?)甚(Shen)至(Zhi)可(Ke)加(Jia)工(Gong)齿(Chi)轮(Lun)和(He)曲(Qu)面(Mian)等(Deng)旧(Jiu)铣(Xi)削(Xiao)广(Guang)泛(Fan)地(Di)应(Ying)用(Yong)于(Yu)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)。(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)车(Che)身(Shen)冷(Leng)冲(Chong)压(Ya)的(De)模(Mo)具(Ju)都(Du)是(Shi)用(Yong)铣(Xi)削(Xiao)加(Jia)工(Gong)的(De)。(?)计(Ji)算(Suan)机(Ji)操(Cao)纵(Zong)的(De)数(Shu)控(Kong)铣(Xi)床(Chuang)可(Ke)以(Yi)加(Jia)工(Gong)形(Xing)状(Zhuang)很(Hen)复(Fu)杂(Za)的(De)钢(Gang)件(Jian)，(?)是(Shi)现(Xian)代(Dai)化(Hua)机(Ji)械(Xie)加(Jia)工(Gong)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)机(Ji)床(Chuang)。(?)

　(?)　(?)4：(?)钻(Zuan)削(Xiao)及(Ji)镗(Tang)削(Xiao)：(?)钻(Zuan)削(Xiao)和(He)镗(Tang)削(Xiao)是(Shi)加(Jia)工(Gong)孔(Kong)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)车(Che)削(Xiao)方(Fang)式(Shi)。(?)

　(?)　(?)5：(?)磨(Mo)削(Xiao)：(?)磨(Mo)削(Xiao)是(Shi)在(Zai)磨(Mo)床(Chuang)上(Shang)用(Yong)砂(Sha)轮(Lun)加(Jia)工(Gong)钢(Gang)件(Jian)的(De)工(Gong)艺(Yi)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。(?)磨(Mo)削(Xiao)是(Shi)一(Yi)种(Zhong)精(Jing)加(Jia)工(Gong)方(Fang)式(Shi)，(?)可(Ke)以(Yi)得(De)到(Dao)高(Gao)精(Jing)度(Du)和(He)粗(Cu)糙(Cao)度(Du)的(De)钢(Gang)件(Jian)，(?)而(?)且(Qie)可(Ke)以(Yi)磨(Mo)削(Xiao)硬(Ying)度(Du)很(Hen)高(Gao)的(De)钢(Gang)件(Jian)。(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)零(Ling)部(Bu)件(Jian)加(Jia)工(Gong)一(Yi)些(Xie)历(Li)经(Jing)热(Re)处(Chu)理(Li)后(Hou)的(De)零(Ling)件(Jian)，(?)均(Jun)用(Yong)磨(Mo)床(Chuang)进(Jin)行(Xing)精(Jing)加(Jia)工(Gong)。(?)